Computer Crime Defense

Computer Crimes

Computer crime prosecutions rest on digital forensics — how data was imaged, how it was interpreted, and whether it can be attributed to a particular person. We work with independent computer forensics professionals to examine how the evidence was collected and analyzed, and to identify the gaps between what the data shows and what the prosecution says it proves.

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Understanding the Charge

Michigan computer crime law.

Michigan's computer crime provisions are collected at MCL 752.791 et seq., which address unauthorized access to computers, computer systems, and computer networks, and the use of a computer to commit or attempt a crime. Related conduct — identity theft, online harassment, and fraud — is charged under separate Michigan statutes. Which statute applies, and what maximum penalty comes with it, depends on the conduct alleged and, in some provisions, the amount of loss claimed.

Digital evidence is not as settled as investigators sometimes suggest. IP addresses identify networks rather than people, shared connections create attribution problems, malware can generate activity without the device owner's knowledge, and errors in evidence collection can affect whether the digital case is admissible at all.

Key Statutory Penalties

What the statute allows.

OffenseMaximum Penalty
Unauthorized access to a computer, system, or network MCL 752.791 et seq.The offense level and maximum term depend on the provision charged and the loss alleged
Identity theft Michigan identity theft statutesThe offense level and maximum term depend on the conduct alleged and any prior convictions
Cyberstalking and online harassment Michigan Penal CodeThe offense level and maximum term depend on the conduct alleged and any prior convictions

The statute and subsection charged determine the maximum penalty. To discuss the specific provision and maximum that apply to your case, call (734) 887-6200 for a confidential consultation. This table is a general summary, not legal advice about your case.

Our Defense Approach

Our computer crime defense strategies.

01

Independent Forensic Review

We retain certified forensic analysts to review the prosecution's digital evidence collection methodology, examine chain of custody documentation, and determine whether the imaging, analysis, and interpretation of digital media followed accepted forensic standards.

02

Attribution Challenges

An IP address identifies a network, not a person. Shared Wi-Fi, VPN endpoints, and compromised routers all create attribution uncertainty. We examine whether online conduct can fairly be linked to a specific individual on the evidence the prosecution actually has.

03

Fourth Amendment and Warrant Challenges

Search warrants for digital devices must describe what investigators may search for and seize. Overbroad warrants, general exploratory searches of entire hard drives, and access beyond the authorized scope can support a motion to suppress the digital evidence.

04

Malware and Third-Party Access

Activity attributed to a device does not always originate with its owner. We examine whether the device was compromised by malware, used by another person, or accessed remotely, and present that evidence against the knowing or intentional conduct the statute requires.

Common Questions

Computer crime questions answered.

My devices were seized. What happens next?
After devices are seized under a search warrant, investigators image the storage and analyze the copies. That process can take weeks or months, and charges are sometimes filed well after the seizure. Retaining counsel early lets us request a copy of the warrant and supporting affidavit, identify constitutional challenges, and preserve material that could support an innocent explanation before it is lost. Anything on your other devices or accounts that bears on the question should be preserved now.
Can I be charged even if I didn't intend to commit a crime?
Intent is an element of most computer crime offenses. Words such as "knowingly" and "intentionally" run through Michigan's computer crime provisions at MCL 752.791 et seq., and the prosecution has to prove that state of mind. A defense may show that you did not know you were exceeding authorized access, did not intend the result that occurred, or reasonably believed your conduct was permitted. Where intent is genuinely absent — security research, authorized penetration testing, or inadvertent access — we present that evidence fully.
What is a proffer agreement and should I sign one?
A proffer agreement allows you to provide information to prosecutors in exchange for limited use immunity — meaning what you say in the proffer generally cannot be used as direct evidence against you, but can be used to find other evidence or impeach inconsistent testimony. Proffering can benefit cooperating defendants, but it carries serious risks if your account differs from what investigators already know. No one should enter a proffer without defense counsel present. We negotiate proffer terms and prepare clients thoroughly for every proffer session.
Consultation

Speak with an Ann Arbor computer crime lawyer.

Digital evidence requires careful technical review. We retain forensic experts when the case calls for them.